A literature review of disinfectants commonly used

A writing survey of disinfectants usually utilized The reason for this writing survey was to analyze the writing at present accessible to the overall population on the utilization of a scope of disinfectants utilized inside a microbiology research center in both the open for example emergency clinic research centers and the private area for example college research centers. This writing audit was completed on the adequacy of disinfectants with the goal that past and current information on the utilization of these disinfectants can be investigated. This will help give a knowledge into the branch of knowledge and help with the readiness and creation of the last report dependent on the examination being conveyed during the writing audit and exploration venture. The primary motivation behind the examination venture being led was to look at the viability of an assortment of disinfectants particularly Trigene which has been supported for use in the microbiology research facilities of the Greater Glasgow and Clyde wellbeing board and that o f Virkon which is as of now utilized by the microbiology lab at the University of the West of Scotland. The writing inspected demonstrated that the disinfectants utilized in clinical research centers and whatever other zone where microorganisms can cause an issue with cross-sullying, ought to be assessed for their adequacy against the scope of creatures which may be experienced. It is a significant prerequisite that the disinfectants being utilized can hinder or execute the microorganisms rapidly and by utilizing the most reduced fixation accessible. (Isenberg, 1985) An examination led by Kasthjerg et al (2010) which took a gander at the impacts of a scope of disinfectants on the outflow of destructiveness qualities present in the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This examination demonstrated that impacts on the destructiveness quality in the bacterium could be connected to the synthetic concoctions found in the disinfectant with some causing a restraint of the quality while others indicated an acceptance of the quality Disinfectants A disinfectant is a substance which is broadly used to kill an assortment of microorganisms that are right now found in the examples got into a research facility or are as of now utilized inside an instructive setting for the educating of microbiology to understudies. Disinfectants can have any of the accompanying synthetic compounds as their fundamental dynamic fixing: halogenated tertiary amines, chlorine containing mixes, phenols, quaternary ammonium mixes and peroxygen’s. (Tyski et al, 2009) Thus the disinfectants can be separated into bunches identifying with the synthetic present as the dynamic fixing and these gatherings will be talked about later in the report. It is significant that specific models are met while ordering a concoction as a disinfectant, these incorporate:- That the substance segments of the disinfectant won't adversy affect the wellbeing of the client and on the off chance that any medical problem is acknowledged, at that point fitting move can be made to expel this hazard for example use PPE, for example, gloves or respiratory cover. (Cuts off and Lamontagne, 2002) It. is likewise significant that the disinfectant can render latent or slaughter a wide scope of microorganisms including infections, microscopic organisms and growths. (Cuts off and Lamontagne, 2002) It is additionally significant that a disinfectant doesn't have an unfriendly impact when utilized on gear.

How to Buy Writing Paper

How to Buy Writing PaperA writing paper can be as simple or as elaborate as you would like. However, it is important to write the paper in the way that is best for your readers. They may be college students or high school students. For some, it will be a source of self-expression while others may find the presentation of the topic too dry and they are unable to proceed.If you are unfamiliar with what writing is all about, you should know that there are several types of writing out there that you can choose from. The different types of writing are fiction, non-fiction, technical and business writing. As an article writer, you can choose one of these writing styles, which can include creative non-fiction, informative fiction, technical writing, reporting and just plain writing. Not all authors choose to write every type of article. They will focus on one of the writing styles to keep the content and format of the paper flowing easily.One of the things that you need to keep in mind when you are writing is to write as if you were reading the material for the first time. If this makes sense to you, then it should be the same principle when you are writing an article. You must read and absorb as much information as possible before you begin to write. By doing this, you are setting yourself up for success. It is also important to make notes as you read.It is very easy to get bogged down in the facts and data that you are reviewing when you write. Once you begin to learn more about the subject matter, you will become more confident in your abilities and more confident in your ability to write an article. Writing should not be about the facts but rather the presentation of the information. This can be accomplished by using the structure of the paragraph and sentence.The first paragraph will contain your points and ideas. You will use it to lay out the outline of your article. From here, you will take your notes and use the paragraphs to build upon your points and ideas. The paragraphs should highlight the points that you want to emphasize as well as give you the opportunity to offer your opinion and thoughts.Subsequent paragraphs will be used to elaborate upon the points that you have made in the first paragraph. These paragraphs should always be unique and stand out because this is the part where you will be providing your solution or conclusion. All good writing should offer a solution to a problem or help someone solve a problem.Don't forget that a writing project is an activity that you put a lot of time and effort into. You will want to make sure that the piece you have written is of good quality and that it will provide a solution to the reader's problems. When you are writing, you will want to make sure that the material you are providing is worth reading. You can do this by reading articles and completing your own research.The bottom line is that you should be proud of your work and you should take it as a valuable experience that will be of value to someone else. Make sure that you use your structure of paragraphs to help you present the material in the most concise manner.

Sample of topic about woman who cant drive

Sample of topic about woman who cant drive Woman Who Cant Drive An Example Paper Introduction Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country believed to be extremely strict on freedom of speech restrictions. It interprets and observes Islamic culture. It is also a country where religion controls almost all aspects of life. The conservatives and strict interpretation of Islam are to blame for banning women from driving. The government also plays a role in manipulating information to ensure the citizens do not question any move by the government. It is a country where the government tortures, imprisons or kills its critics. However, the government puts forward some arguments to act like a defense mechanism for the actions and moves it takes. Women do not have the freedom to drive any vehicle in Saudi Arabia. The government puts forward an argument that giving women the freedom to drive will lead to a rise in social problems. It will also jeopardize their safety because most of the time they will be alone behind the wheel. Very bad accidents and terrible incidents, for example, rape and hijackings are common when a woman is alone with the driver who is a complete stranger. These criminal acts could not be heard if the women had the privilege to drive themselves.Granting them the freedom to drive will also lead to saving lives. For instance, if a family member becomes sick and there is a car nearby, waiting for a male member who is miles away to come and take the patient to the hospital might end up costing the life of that patient. A woman could save that life was she given the freedom to drive. Current civilization is giving the women an equal chance as their male counterparts. As such, women are also looking for job opportunities. It becomes a problem for women to report to their places of work because they do not have a family member to drive them to work. Reliance on public transport is a problem because it can be unreliable and inconvenient at times. Many families are also not comfortable when their young ladies use public transport on deaf ears. This is because there is no. As a result, a number of women end up losing their jobs. This could be otherwise if they had the chance and freedom to drive. Many people believe women are more careful than men. Allowing them to drive will, therefore, result in a decrease in road accidents in Saudi Arabia and internationally. Economically, it will create jobs for the locals than hiring foreigners who cost the government and the taxpayers a lot of money. It will also lead to reliance on locally available labor force than relying on hired foreign labor which is expensive. This will lead to better and improved living standards for the people and a better economy. Conclusion The Saudi Arabian government or any other person or organizations supporting the ban do not have any clear justification. This is because Saudi Arabian women want to drive their own cars to guarantee their safety and security from the dangerous situations they face in their daily lives. It will also save lives in cases where there arises emergencies, for instance, taking a sick person to hospital. The women are thus persistently asking the government to listen to their clarion call and authorize them to drive, but their cry is falling on deaf ears since they seem to lack any reasonable response. It is not against Islam for women to drive because Islam aims at giving equal opportunity for both men and women.

Communication Essay - 1438 Words

Communication embodies the ability for one to convey a message through the use of verbals (words) and non-verbals (behaviours) in a process to compare, transmit and interpret messages. Garside and Kleiner (2007) portrays communication as sharing thoughts and feelings with other people. For this process to be effective the message should be transmitted with maximum accuracy and minimum effort (Garside and Kleiner 2007) with mindfulness (Burgoon, Bieger and Waldron 2002) from both parties. Mindfulness requires the sender and receiver to be alert to the content, situation and sequence of verbal messages, as well as the paralinguistic cues, gestures, facial expression, body movements and cues produced by the physical environment that†¦show more content†¦This process requires both the sender and receiver to be actively sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal information from one another and having a mutual understanding at the same time. Firstly, the interaction with Mrs Lai demonstrated effective nonverbal communication through the use of eye contact during the course of the conversation. By maintaining adequate eye contact, the receiver was able to recognise my attention was being directed at them even though there was a significant distance separating us. Studies from Hodge (1971) states that awareness is made apparent through eye contact and allows the receiver to constantly monitor feedback from the sender, and according to Argyle and Dean (1965) eye contact functions as a compensator for distance. In addition, gestures such as slight head nodding and smiling were used moderately throughout the interaction to indicate interest towards the speaker and helped to encourage further disclosure of information. Academic work from Garside and Kleiner (1991) suggests that nodding and smiling can be used as a cue to signify attention and interest, however, this form of nonverbal communication should not be used too excessively for it may indicate lack of sin cerity. The use of active listening skill is also evident within the discussion (M4). ByShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Communication : Communication And Communication1345 Words   |  6 PagesHANDBOOK UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION TYPES OF COMMUNICATION METHODS OF COMMUNICATION INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION STYLES COMMUNICATION STYLES COMMUNICATION ROADBLOCKS HOW TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION ROADBLOCKS THE DO’S AND DO NOT’S OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION HOW TO LISTEN EFFECTIVELY CONTENT PERTINENT TO SPORT STUDIES SYLLABUS SHELL PORTFOLIO EXIT EXAM STUDY GUIDES 3 AND 4 YEAR PLANS FOR MAJORS WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CHECKLIST ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PURPOSE OF THE COMMUNICATION HANDBOOK TheRead MoreCommunication Is The Science Of Communication1066 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is important to strive in life, as well as, in integrated marketing communication. Human communication is described as having the creativity to contribute instead of the information. Creativity can help by making more efficiently with less. In a way, an individual has a collection of discoveries at their disposal (Downs, 1298). Mass communication plays a role in design. Moreover, mass communication and its activities are influenced by cybernetics. Cybernetics is the science of communicationRead MoreCommunication As A Communication Tool1043 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to the Topic The assigned reading for forum 5 discussed interpersonal and organizational communication channels in the workplace. The different types of communication are oral communication, formal written communication, non-verbal communication, and presentations. Satterlee (2013) shows the communication process to involve a sender, a receiver, meaning, encoding, the message transmittal, a channel, decoding, interpreting, and feedback. A successful leader will be able to communicateRead MoreCommunication And Human Communication1131 Words   |  5 PagesHumans, by nature, are social beings. Communication has been a part of people’s everyday lives long before conventional language, which are gestural and vocal, was even created. The first uniquely human forms of communication were pointing and pantomiming (Tomasello 2). These forms then have gradually evolved through the means of technology. Technology is known as the practical application of scientific knowledge in order to pro-duce goods and to provide services. This is one of the most powerfulRead MoreCommunication and Personality in Communication1434 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY IN NEGOTIATION PAPER Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper MGT/445 University of Phoenix Communication and Personality in Negotiation Paper Negotiation can take place anywhere and at anytime. Negotiations can take place at home, at work, with family members, with friends, and co-workers. â€Å"Negotiation is a process by which we attempt to influence others to help us achieve our needs while at the same time takingRead MoreReflection Of Communication And Communication1152 Words   |  5 Pages The first resources that I’ve learned from this course are using the multiple job websites online, we’ve had excellent communication between classmates on how we can benefit from using these sites out and look for specific jobs in our area. This will assist in work as a counselor because it will help in my networking about the city I currently work in and learning about how to make my resume stick out. The second fact that I’ve learned in this course is finding balance in your life so that youRead MoreCommunication Is The Language Of Communication1473 Words   |  6 Pagessaid, â€Å"The art of com munication is the language of leadership.† Communication is essential to business as well as interpersonal relationships. The ability to express oneself with coherence and cogency is of the utmost importance to your professional and personal success. Effective communication solves and also prevents problems. Think back to all those times you endured a conflict with a person or institution as a result of poor communication or a complete lack of communication. When people are notRead MoreInterpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication And Communication1699 Words   |  7 PagesMy friend Vikas, told me everything he had to do and the struggles he conquered in order to make his own successful business here in the U.S. Some things he told be reminded me of interpersonal communication, intercultural communication, and intracultural communication. He had to have a lot of communication with his friend who also happened to be from India and some new friends and colleagues he met through his journey. Of course there was homesickness and the occasional depression, but that didn’tRead MoreCommunication Breakdown Of Communication1966 Words   |  8 Pages Communication Breakdowns â€Å"Effective communication is only 7 percent verbal and 93 percent non-verbal (the non-verbal is 55 percent body language and 38 percent tone of voice)† (Communication). There have been several compelling articles written by scholarly authors based on communication; a few examples of these literary works would be: â€Å"Mother Tongue,† â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation,† and â€Å"The Ways We Lie.† When there are communication problems in any relationship, it will typically cause substantialRead MoreQuestions On Communication And Communication1815 Words   |  8 Pages1. Analysis 1.1 Communication Talking about communication involves talking about the identity of the person talking as a communicative being therefore about his right to communicate. In other words, for every subject speaking, the question is to know whether or not it makes sense for them to do so. If not, they would not exist as a subject. Sometimes norms, more or less institutionalized, help answering that question: for example, a lecturer presented as so in a conference finds himself entitled

War Is A Very Traffic And Devastating Event That Not Only

War is a very traffic and devastating event that not only affects those directly involved with the fight but also the rest of the population sitting and waiting back in their homes. The idea of war such as the Cold War being associated with Dr.Suess s, The Butter Battle Book, should not be the focus of a children s book. People like Joseph Stalin and events such as the creation of missiles and bombs and the cuban missile crisis played a significant role in the Cold War. Joseph Stalin was a powerful and aggressive soviet leader. Stalin focused on creating a model communist state. I m doing so, he made both agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals of the soviet union...By 1937, the Soviet Union had become the worlds†¦show more content†¦The whole reason why the soviets had begun installing missiles in Cuba was because they wanted the Americans to feel the threat they did with the American missiles that were installed in Turkey prior. Questions began to arise among both nations whether they should attack one another or to negotiate a truce.(The Cuban Missile Crisis) The Cuban missile crisis showed that neither the United States nor the Soviet Union were ready to use nuclear weapons for fear of the others retaliation(The Cold War) As a result, a second letter from Kremlin...st ated that in order for Russia to remove the weapons from Cuba, the United States had to remove its missiles in Turkey. Though not everyone in the Kennedy administration agreed to this proposal, it was ultimately the compromise that saved the world from nuclear war. (Cuban Missile Crisis) Finally both sides met at the existing battle line...[and] the two sides signed an armistice ending the war. At best, the agreement was a stalemate. (McDougal, 615) In association to the Cold War, similar significant events took place in the ButterShow MoreRelatedMan s Relationship With Nature1438 Words   |  6 Pagesand discard the effects, while nature sits and halts waiting to strike back. Throughout the progression of the human timeline, catastrophic events almost wiped out man from the face of the earth. Man’s relationship with Nature is distinctly separate, the two can’t coexist in harmony and unity. Man is repelled by nature’s environment, the catastrophic events that c omes with as well as the long term problems it brings for man to deal with are gruesome. Human Civilization started among water, theRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a succession of savage battles fought between the USA and the USSR during the end of World War II. These two prevailing countries never faced each other directly, therefore it was a war fought by proxy. Both the USA and the USSR had conflict between their two ideologies and ways of life, the USA assumed capitalism and democracy was the optimal way of living, while the USSR concluded communism was the more suitable choice. Each country believed their system or ideology was superiorRead More Graduation Speech Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesJust this year we lost a custodian, David Webb, who was very special to me. Though his death was unnoticed here at first, when people found out that someone had died, they automatically felt sympathy for that person and his life and his family. At the point of death, sympathy is an immediate reaction no matter who it is. I also recall a story from this years yearbook about a Palestinian man donating the heart of his son who died in war to an Israeli man. He said he was willing to save a lifeRead MoreThe September 11 Terrorist Attacks1736 Words   |  7 Pages On September 11, 2001 an Islamic terrorist organization named al-Qaeda committed a devastating and scaring act of terrorism towards the United States. There was four different attacks that occurred which were carried out by four passenger airliners that were hijacked. Two of the attacks took place in New York City (World Trade Center’s North and South Towers), one was at the Pentagon in Arlington Country (Virginia), and the other occurred in a field in Shanksville (Pennsylvania), which was thoughtRead MoreNo American Of The Right Age Bracket Will Forget What Happened1647 Words   |  7 Pages No American in the right age bracket will forget what happened on September 11, 2011. It was on of the most devastating days that took place in American history that left our country by shock and in a very vulnerable state. That day 19 men showed up and untimely in a few hours terrorized America in a way we have never seen before. (Dunbar Reagan,2006 pg x). As a country we did come together for the time being we were united and helped one another because we had no other choice. We didnRead MoreThe War Of A Forest Fire1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts regarding war, the first words spoken generally include death, destruction and conflict. The connotation of these words displays the negativity placed upon the theory of war. One can compare war to a forest fire, although everything is destroyed and burned, through the ashes emerges new life. Contrary to popular belief war is immensely beneficial on numerous proportions. War is overlooked and judged as a despicable tragedy. It’s very easy to stereotype war as a devastating occurrence derivedRead MoreThe Invention of the Automobile1798 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly on the rise. Indeed automobile perhaps is one of the greatest and influential inventions in our times; however, we often forget the consequences and prices we have to pay for abusing such conveniences. Most of our transportation tools can only run from burning the fossil fuels as its primary energy, which is a process that emits harmful gasses that will affect all our surroundings and us directly and in-directly on any scale. In a smaller scale, car emission causes air pollution that willRead MoreEssay on Disillusionment in Hemingway ´s The Sun Also Rises1433 Words   |  6 PagesDisillusionment does not merely occur in only novels; every single individual to walk the Earth will experience mental displeasure at some point within their lives. Nevertheless, many choose to let unfortunate events circle within their souls and become encrypted into their memory. Once this happens, the role of aimlessness takes its course, adverse fate reigns, and the feeling of disenchantment dwells in the mind. Hemingway’s novel, The Sun Also Rises, grasps this very subject in a subliminal way; one mustRead MoreEssay Case Analysis: Southwest Airlines1326 Words   |  6 Pagesairlines were the sole providers of air travel. This multifaceted industry was a difficult industry to break into as a consequence of â€Å"sophisticated customer segmentation, hub-and spoke models and costly information systems for reservations, fare wars and intense competition† (Thompson 2008). Shrinkage in airline ticket prices augmented the demand for airline travel. Many markets were simply deserted or over-looked by major network airlines; this is a region a fresh â€Å"second tier of service providers†Read MoreHistorical Investigation : 9 / 111686 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Investigation - 9/11 By Matt Harper Terrorism has emerged an issue that has major impacts upon society. It threatens our very way of life. Much of the world knew little of terrorism, and how devastating it could be; until 9/11/2001. This day now marks the coordinated terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda, that occurred in the USA. All attacks involved the hijacking of commercial airliners. Two attacks targeted the World Trade Centre 1 2 in lower Manhattan, New York. With the crashing of American

Realism In Life In The Iron Mills - 1604 Words

Life in the Iron Mills is a novella that is hard to classify as a specific genre. The genre that fits the most into this novella is realism, because of the separation of classes, the hard work that a person has to put into their every day life to try and make a difference, and the way society influences the actions of people and their relationships. However, no matter what genre is specifically chosen, there will be other genres present that contradict the genre of choice. While the novella shows romanticism, naturalism, and realism, this essay is specifically centered around realism. The ultimate theme in Rebecca Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills is the separation of classes and gender. It is the separation of classes when the people in the†¦show more content†¦She continues on to describe that the mill is divided into by shifts, a group of workers come in for a while and work, and then another group comes in and relieves that group. The point of this quote is to demons trate that many people are unaware of what really goes on inside the mill, even though they live in a manufacturing town. Davis goes into detail about what the mill is like. â€Å"Fire in every horrible form: pits of flame waving in the wind: liquid metal-flames writhing in tortuous streams through the sand; wide caldrons filled with boiling fire, over which bent ghastly wretches stirring the strange brewing; and through all, crowds of half-clad man, looking like revengeful ghosts in the red light, hurried, throwing masses of glittering fire. It was like a street in Hell.† (Davis 1225) It is important to remember that the novella shows realism, but it also has a case of romanticism that backs up the realism efforts. The romanticism is displayed through her descriptive view of the Mill, where most that live in the manufacturing town do not realize how strenuous and horrid the working conditions are like. Hugh and Deborah have an interesting relationship, because of their interesting relationship it exemplifies realism perfectly. Their relationship could be seen as a one sided deal, because of the way Deb feels for Hugh, she is willing to do whatever she can to make him happy, even if that means bringing himShow MoreRelatedThe Reception And Influence Of Rebecca Harding Davis2118 Words   |  9 Pagescareer, Davis wrote an innumerable amount of works advocating for equal rights among all people, right up until her death in 1910. The following paper will analyze and discuss the reception and influence that Rebecca Harding Davis’s works of literary realism had on the hierarchy of society, in relation to class, from the nineteenth century to the present. Furthermore, Davis’s own personal experiences will also be discussed that influenced her to write in acts of defiance towards negative influences. DavisRead MoreLiterary Realism Of The Iron Mills And The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1388 Words   |  6 Pagesin the story, one of the hopes for realism is that by invoking sympathy within the reader, social injustice may be dealt with. Two examples that use form to reach the end goal of compassion are Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills uses an embedded narrative to tell the story of Deb and Hugh, and the daily struggles of Deb’s life. Life in the Iron Mills was written in 1861, two years priorRead MoreEssay on The Taint of Money in â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†1653 Words   |  7 PagesRebecca Harding Davis wrote â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills† in the mid-nineteenth century in part to raise awareness about working conditions in industrial mills. With the goal of presenting the reality of the mills’ environment and the lives of the mill workers, Davis employs vivid and concrete descriptions of the mills, the workers’ homes, and the workers themselves. Yet her story’s realism is not objective; Davis has a reformer’s agenda, and her word-pictures are colored accordingly. One theme thatRead MoreThe Decline Of The Industrial Revolution971 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming less of a thought and more of a realism Britain turn into the global empire the world distributing merchandise to local homes and overseas. Britain was manufacturing enormous quantities of low-cost goods and produced a mass-market for various belongings. Before Britain’s Industrial Revolution cloths where only acquired by rich individuals and everybody else had to create their own garments by needle and thread. With Britain creating over half of its iron and cotton goods and two thirds of itsRead MoreAdvertisement Is Not A Recent Human Attempt903 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisement is not a recent human attempt; it existed throughout the revolutions of humankind. In ancient civilizations, stone carving, wall-printing, and oral noticing were the most common form of advertising. Egyptian Pharaohs used carved iron plates for public notices. Archaeologists in Thebes, Egypt discovered a 3000 year old public advertisement that offered a reward for runaway slave. Old Greeks employed wall-paintings for theater play ads, and papyr us sheets to advertise lost and found itemsRead MoreHow Advertising Is Not A Recent Human Discovery965 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisement is not a recent human discovery, but rather it has been around for a very long time. In ancient civilizations, stone carving, wall-painting, and oral noticing were the most common forms of advertising. Egyptian Pharaohs used carved iron plates for public notices. For instance, archaeologists in Thebes, Egypt, discovered a 3000 year old public advertisement that offered a reward for a runaway slave. Old Greeks used wall-paintings to showcase ads about theatrical productions, and papyrusRead MoreChapter 23-25 Notes for Ap Us History6413 Words   |  26 Pagesin 1895. The Wilson-Gorman Tariff caused the Democrats to lose positions in Congress, giving the Republicans an advantage. Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, and Cleveland were known as the forgettable presidents. Chapter 24 The Iron Colt Becomes an Iron Horse Due to the expansion of the country, many new railroads were built. Congress began to advance liberal money loans to 2 favored cross-continent companies in 1862 in response to the fact that transcontinental railroad construction wasRead MoreAnalysis Of George Eliot s The 2831 Words   |  12 Pagesof Provincial Life is a novel by English author George Eliot, first published in eight instalments during 1871. The novel is set in the fictitious Midlands town of Middlemarch during 1829–32, and it comprises several distinct stories and a large cast of characters. Significant themes include the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, and education. Although containing comical elements, Middlemarch is a work of realism that refers toRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 Pagesresearch and writing, but who has also been a rich source of advice and inspiration when it comes to many other aspects in life ranging from teaching to parenting. Thank you Hà ¥kan; for your support and for always having a good perspective on what is important in life. A large part of my research was carried out within the realm of the FLIPP research programme (Furthering Life Cycle Considerations through Integrated Product Policy). I am grateful to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for fundingRead MoreHistory of Ife/Modekeke Crisis4543 Words   |  19 Pagesfall of the Oyo Empire, the Oyos started settling among the Ifes in 1834. As the Romans of old, they were soldier-farmers. They were hardy as soldiers and industrious as farmers. Having lost all their possessions in their hasty flight, they started life in Ife by doing menial jobs to enable them eke out a living. The reigning Ooni of Ife, Oba Akinmoyero was said to have received them well. They started growing and producing different types of food crops on farmlands given to them by their hosts. A

Research Proposal about Instant Message Replace E-Mail in the Future

Questions: Can Instant Message Replace E-Mail in The Future? Can Instant Message be a Primary Source of Internal Communication? How this Instant Message System will Work? What Cost would be? Answers: 1. Introduction Advancement of information and communication technology significantly contributed in enhancing the pace as well as efficiency of the communication procedure. E-mail has been considered to be a revolutionary innovation that enabled individual in sending messages via electronic medium anywhere in the world. Instant messaging is a type of online chat that helps in offsetting the real time text transmission with the aid of internet. Instant messaging facilitates transmission of short messages in both the directions (Flynn, 2004). Lately, instant messaging also provides the opportunity to share text files, audio files, videos etc. In todays dynamic business environment, instant messaging platforms are widely utilized in order to support effective communication (Stafford, 2008). E-mail, instant messaging and other new communication tools have been replacing the traditional mode of communication (Junco and Cotten, 2011). Now the major question that arises in this context is, whether the use of instant messaging will collapse the e-mail? This research study will focus on the analyzing the future of instant messaging and its cost. 2. Research Objectives Research objectives will focus on describing the major goals of the research study. The research objectives of this paper are discussed below: To scrutinize the efficiency of the instant messaging and its effectiveness among users. To assess the potential of instant message to replace mail To assess the role of instant messaging in context of internal communication. To estimate the cost associated with the adoption of instant messaging 3. Research Questions Research questions are focusing on identification of the major areas of research. Answering theses questions will facilitate achievement of research objectives (Ketchen and Bergh, 2004): What is the role of instant messaging for enhancing the internal communication? Whether instant messaging has the potential to replace e-mail? What is the cost associated for utilizing instant messaging? 4. Literature Review Emergence of Instant Messaging: Effective communication is an essential aspect of business. In the electronic age, the mode of communication has been evolving with the aim to enhance its effectives. Presently, human being has been found to be extensive reliant upon technology (Flynn, 2004). Hence, it has been found that since the last decade web technologies are the determinant factor for various human activities. E-mail has received significant popularity due to its convenience as well as effectiveness. Emergence of e-mal rapidly replaced the traditional mode of communication in the business sector along with personal life. Instant messaging was emerged in 1996 which allowed its client to facilitate an interactive real communication in real time. In order to use instant messaging, both the people must have the same instant messaging software (Junco and Cotten, 2011). This type of communication is referred as chat. Instant messaging has been found to be major help for the internet users for sending messages, images and videos. Presently, different instant messaging software is offering video calls and chats. The new communication tool has received significant popularity over the years. Apart from social interaction, instant messaging has been widely used in business communication which contributed in facilitating real time conversation from anywhere, anytime. Benefits of Instant Messaging in Workplace: Instant messaging has been integrating in the communication system of workplace due to its effectiveness. It is evident that various business organizations have identified the importance of integrating instant messaging into the business procedure along with appropriate policy (Pascal, 2003). Business firms have recognized that the instant messaging significantly helps in ensuring high return on investment if the right technology and policy is implemented. The success of the management of a business has a strong positive correlation with effective communication. Presently, instant messaging software platforms are widely utilized by various business organizations (Ou et al., 2010). As the business focuses on embracing instant messaging in the workplace, the traditional form of communication has been almost obsolete. Instant messaging is real time and also can be recorded. It can help in conduction a small conference at the own desk of the employees from different locations (Uskov and Uskov, 2004). This section will focus on identification of various advantages of instant messaging: Group chat: Instant messaging helps in initiating a formal or informal group chat. In an organization, group chat is important for enhancing cohesiveness and knowledge transmission (Krause, 2008). Interaction between team members from off-site locations: Instant messaging uses web technology for transmission of message in real time. Presently, the wave of globalization has facilitated the global business integration. It has been found that the team members are often located in a distant place. Hence, interaction between the team members becomes easier with the aid of instant messaging (Ou et al., 2010). Enhances Effectiveness and Saves Time: Instant messaging helps in providing a real time conversation. It significantly contributes in enhancing the effectiveness of communication. It is also evident that it saves time which adds positive value to the business (Pascal, 2003). Convenient and Cost Saving: Instant messaging service only requires internet connection which is available in every workplace. Hence, it can be stated that the instant messaging offers high level of convenience. Additionally, it helps in saving cost of communication (Stafford, 2008). These are the major benefits of instant messaging recognized by the business organizations (Quan-Haase, 2008). Security Issues Related to Instant Messaging: Though instant messaging has huge potential for enhancing the effectiveness of communication, it has few risks. These risks are majorly responsible for development of threats and thus it leads to creation of potential security risk (Cooper and Johnson, 2014). First of all, instant messaging uses public network and it utilizes the server of the instant messaging provider. These servers are not secured by firewall. On the other hand instant messaging in the private network can be secured by firewall (Leavitt, 2005). Additionally, it has been found that the sensitive information which is exchanged through instant messaging is frequently stored in the unsecured network. As the public network is protected with firewall, anyone can access the private conversation in IM (Paulson, 2002). In case of e-mails filters are used and the corporate network of various organizations installs antivirus software which protects the users form virus. The attachments sent via instant messaging cannot be checked for viruses. Hence, there is significant vulnerability associated with the instant messaging system. Lack of encryption on the public instant messaging network implies that the confidential messages send via instant messaging can be accessed by other people (Stone and Merrion, 2004). Additionally, communication via instant messaging system cannot be monitored for maintain the corporate security (Quan-Haase, 2008). 5. Research Methodology Research methodology refers to the pathway which is followed for underrating the research activities. The research methodology assists in depiction of the overall concept of the important elements associated with the research study (Jha, 2008). Basically, the research methodology helps in providing a comprehensive approach which ultimately develops a blueprint of the mechanism and steps for carrying out the research study in an efficient manner. Adoption of the most suitable approach will help in successful achievement of the research objectives. In order to assess the potential of instant messaging in replacing e-mail and its cost along with its role in the internal communication system, it is essential to adopt a suitable methodology that helps in answering the research questions (Ketchen and Bergh, 2004). 5.1. Research Philosophy: Post Positivism Research philosophy is the considered to be first layer of the conceptual replica, i.e. research onion. Hence, it can be stated that the other steps of the research study is significantly reliant upon the research philosophy. There are various research philosophy and theories which are adopted by academic researchers. Post positivism is one of the most important theories which reject the idea of positivism (Jha, 2008). Post positivism theory focuses on integration of the wide variety of theories with the observation (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie and Turner, 2007). In this paper, the study will focus on the potential of instant messaging in replacing the e-mail in future and its cost along with its role in the internal communication. Hence, post positivism theory will appropriate in this case. 5.2. Research Approach: Deductive Research approach is the next layer of the research philosophy. There are various research approaches considered by the researchers such as inductive and deductive approach. The researcher needs to choose the best approach in order to ensure successful achievement of the research objectives. It has been found that, in case of inductive approach, the researcher needs to collect all the relevant data and therefore, needs to assess the observations and findings of the research which can be also analyzed so that new theoretical framework can be developed along with recommendations (Ketchen and Bergh, 2004). Again, deductive approach emphasizes on analysis of the established theories and studies. In this approach, hypothesis is set and therefore tested to indentify whether the hypothesis is possible or not. In this paper, deductive approach will be appropriate for this study. Hence, hypothesis will be set for identifying whether instant messaging has the capacity to replace e-mail. 5.3. Research Design: Descriptive Research design is considered to be an important aspect of research methodology. It has been found that the research design significantly assists the researchers through establishment of the framework which helps in carrying out the study (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie and Turner, 2007). The research design focuses on correlating the direction of the study with the predefined research objectives. It is important to choose the most appropriate research design in order to ensure the achievement of the research objectives which is revolving around analysis of the future position of instant messaging. There are three common research approaches adopted by the researchers such as exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. For undertaking this study, it has been identified that descriptive research design will be appropriate. It will assist the researcher in maintaining the superiority of the study. Descriptive approach will focus on discussing the findings in relations to the potential of the instan t messaging in future. 5.4. Data Collection Process In order to carry out a research study successfully, relevant data must be collected from authentic sources. The data analysis and conclusion is extensively dependent upon the collected data. Hence, the researcher needs to be careful in selection of roper resources for collection. In this research study, both primary and secondary data will be collected. In this section, data collection procedure for both types of data will be discussed (Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle, 2006). 5.4.1. Primary data collection In order to draw primary data survey and interview can be conducted. First of all, few organizations can be chosen and the users of the instant messaging can be asked to participate in the survey. For undertaking the survey a close ended questionnaire will be developed. It will significantly help to get an insight regarding the importance and potential of instant messaging in internal communication. Additionally, the senior managers of the respective organizations can be interviewed in order to understand their perspective regarding the instant messaging. The questions for the senior managers will be open ended. 5.4.2. Secondary data collection Secondary data refers to the information which has is available form the past studies, established theories etc. Hence, for collecting secondary data, the researcher can use books, peer reviewed journal articles, magazine articles, trusted websites and research papers or conference proceedings (Mayoh and Onwuegbuzie, 2013). 5.5. Sampling Techniques Sampling technique refers to the selection of the respondents for collecting data. In this paper, simple random sampling technique will be appropriate for this study (Lodico, Spaulding and Voegtle, 2006). Hence, there will no bias in selecting the senior managers for interview and employees of the organization for participating in the survey. 5.6. Sample Size Sample size refers to the number of respondents chosen for the study. It has been observed that simple random sampling technique has been adopted for this study. Hence, it is better to choose large number of maple for minimizing error. Hence, 65 employees using instant messaging will be surveyed (Gorard and Taylor, 2004). Additionally, 10 senior managers will be interviewed for collecting relevant data. 5.7. Data Analysis Data analysis refers to the activities which will focus on the scrutinizing the data and the help the researcher in reaching firm conclusion. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques will be used for analyzing the gathered data (Kothari, 2004). The information obtained from the interview will be analyzed by qualitative technique as the questions are open-ended. On the other hand, results obtained from the survey can be analyzed with quantities techniques such as estimation of mean, median, standard deviation and correlation co-efficient. Thus, the hypothesis will be tested to reach the final conclusion (Mayoh and Onwuegbuzie, 2013). 5.8. Ethical Consideration The information collected from primary research will be only used for academic purpose. The personal information of the respondent will not be disclosed and privacy will be maintained all through the research study. Additionally, the secondary data used in the study must be referenced properly (Moutinho and Huarng, 2008). 5.9. Limitations of the Research The major two limitations of the study is time and budget. The time is a major constraint which restricted various activities of the study. Additionally, budget was low and it did not support all the activities which could have enhanced the study (Kothari, 2004). 5.10. Gantt chart Gantt chart is considered to be a significant tool in order to anticipate the time taken for conduction each activity mentioned in the research methodology (Gorard and Taylor, 2004). One of the principal activities of research work is to plan and organize all the activities in an efficient manner. Gantt chart will significantly help in getting an insight to the time taken for each activity and the total time for completion of each action (Coleman and Briggs, 2002). (Source: Created by the Author) 6. Expected Research Outcomes This research proposal will focus on understanding the role of instant messaging in internal communication. It is expected that the findings of the research study will demonstrate appositive impact of instant messaging. However, this study may help in identification of the vulnerabilities of the instant messaging and compare the effectiveness and potential of e-mail and instant messaging. 7. Conclusion This research proposal will be help in providing an insight to the instant messaging and its effectiveness in present world. It has been found that this research proposal will clearly identify the potential of instant messaging and its benefits. This paper will clearly discuss the role of instant messaging in internal communication. Primary research will help in gaining insight regarding the major advantages of instant messaging in the business context along with its vulnerabilities. References Coleman, M. and Briggs, A. (2002).Research methods in educational leadership and management. London: P. Chapman Pub. Cooper, R. and Johnson, N. (2014). So close yet no agreement: The effects of threats to self-esteem when using instant messaging and audio during sellerbuyer negotiations.Decision Support Systems, 57, pp.115-126. Flynn, N. (2004).Instant messaging rules. New York: American Management Association. Gorard, S. and Taylor, C. (2004).Combining methods in educational and social research. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Jha, N. (2008).Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications. Johnson, R., Onwuegbuzie, A. and Turner, L. (2007). Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research.Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), pp.112-133. Junco, R. and Cotten, S. (2011). Perceived academic effects of instant messaging use.Computers Education, 56(2), pp.370-378. Ketchen, D. and Bergh, D. (2004).Research methodology in strategy and management. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Kothari, C. (2004).Research methodology. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Krause, T. (2008). Facilitating Teamwork With Lean Six Sigma and Web-Based Technology.Business Communication Quarterly, 72(1), pp.84-90. Leavitt, N. (2005). Instant messaging: a new target for hackers.Computer, 38(7), pp.20-23. Lodico, M., Spaulding, D. and Voegtle, K. (2006).Methods in educational research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Mayoh, J. and Onwuegbuzie, A. (2013). Toward a Conceptualization of Mixed Methods Phenomenological Research.Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), pp.91-107. Moutinho, L. and Huarng, K. (2008).Advances in doctoral research in management. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Ou, C., Davison, R., Zhong, X. and Liang, Y. (2010). Empowering employees through instant messaging.Information Technology People, 23(2), pp.193-211. Pascal, C. (2003). Enabling chance interaction through instant messaging.IEEE Trans. Profess. Commun., 46(2), pp.138-141. Paulson, L. (2002). Malicious code hits instant messaging.Computer, 35(2), pp.26-26. Quan-Haase, A. (2008). Instant Messaging on Campus: Use and Integration in University Students' Everyday Communication.The Information Society, 24(2), pp.105-115. Stafford, T. (2008). Introduction to the Special Issue on Instant Messaging in the Workplace.IEEE Trans. Profess. Commun., 51(4), pp.350-351. Stephens, K. (2008). Optimizing Costs in Workplace Instant Messaging Use.IEEE Trans. Profess. Commun., 51(4), pp.369-380. Stone, J. and Merrion, S. (2004). Instant Messaging or Instant Headache?.Queue, 2(2), p.72. Uskov, V. and Uskov, A. (2004). Blending Streaming Multimedia and Communication Technology in Advanced Web-based Education. 1(1).